Bidirectional communication between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the immune
system is a crucial part of an effective but balanced mammalian response to invading …

Stress-linked psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and major depressive disorder, are
associated with systemic inflammation. Recent studies have reported stress-induced …

It has been speculated that brain activities might directly control adaptive immune responses
in lymphoid organs, although there is little evidence for this. Here we show that splenic …

The vagus nerve (VN) is the longest nerve of the organism and a major component of the
parasympathetic nervous system which constitutes the autonomic nervous system (ANS) …

Although the gastrointestinal tract contains intrinsic neural plexuses that allow a significant
degree of independent control over gastrointestinal functions, the central nervous system …

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the immune system are deeply interrelated. The
ANS regulates both innate and adaptive immunity through the sympathetic and …

The nervous system and immune system have broad and overlap** distributions in the
body, and interactions of these ubiquitous systems are central to the field of …

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) has widespread physiological effects beyond the
disruption of sensory and motor function, notably the loss of normal autonomic and …

▪ Abstract The overall organization of the peripheral autonomic nervous system has been
known for many decades, but the mechanisms by which it is controlled by the central …

Since 1987, only a few neuroanatomical studies have been conducted to identify the origin
of innervation for the immune system. These studies demonstrated that all primary and …