In patients with Parkinson's disease, heterogeneous cholinergic system changes can occur
in different brain regions. These changes correlate with a range of clinical features, both …

Here we argue functional neuroanatomy for posture-gait control. Multi-sensory information
such as somatosensory, visual and vestibular sensation act on various areas of the brain so …

Background Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common, disabling symptom of Parkinson's disease
(PD), but the mechanisms and treatments of FOG remain great challenges for clinicians and …

Arrest of ongoing movements is an integral part of executing motor programs. Behavioral
arrest may happen upon termination of a variety of goal-directed movements or as a global …

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become the treatment of choice for advanced stages of
Parkinson's disease, medically intractable essential tremor, and complicated segmental and …

Freezing of gait (FoG) is a unique and disabling clinical phenomenon characterised by brief
episodes of inability to step or by extremely short steps that typically occur on initiating gait …

Freezing of gait is a common and disabling symptom in patients with parkinsonism,
characterised by sudden and brief episodes of inability to produce effective forward …

Background Falls are a frequent and serious complication of Parkinson's disease and are
related partly to an underlying cholinergic deficit that contributes to gait and cognitive …

During the last 30 years, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has evolved into the clinical standard
of care as a highly effective treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease. Careful patient …

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established procedure for the symptomatic treatment of
Parkinson's disease. Several deep brain nuclei have been stimulated, producing a wide …