Membrane fusion and budding mediate fundamental processes like intracellular trafficking,
exocytosis, and endocytosis. Fusion is thought to open a nanometer-range pore that may …

PC-12 cells have been widely used as a neuronal line study model in many biosensing
devices, mainly due to the neurogenic characteristics acquired after differentiation, such as …

A core challenge in biomedical and life science research is to decipher cell-to-cell
differences under pathological progression or external perturbation. Microfluidics-based …

Hofmeister effects play a critical role in numerous physicochemical and biological
phenomena, including the solubility and/or accumulation of proteins, the activities of …

Hofmeister effects have often been ignored in living organisms, although they affect the
activity and functions of biological molecules. Herein, amperometry has been applied to …

For decades,“all-or-none” and “kiss-and-run” were thought to be the only major exocytotic
release modes in cell-to-cell communication, while the significance of partial release has not …

In this brief review, we discuss the factors that modulate the quantum size and the kinetics of
exocytosis. We also discuss the determinants which motivate the type of exocytosis from the …

The study of subcellular targets and biochemical processes within a living cell is valuable for
biological and medical research. Secretory vesicles, one such important intracellular target …

In vivo electrochemical sensing of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and metabolites
plays a critical role in real-time monitoring of various physiological or psychological …

Deficiency of iron, the most abundant transition metal in the brain and important for neuronal
activity, is known to affect synaptic plasticity, causing learning and memory deficits. How iron …