The review provides a comprehensive update (previous report: Chen R, Cros D, Curra A, Di
Lazzaro V, Lefaucheur JP, Magistris MR, et al. The clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial …

Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques can be used to monitor and modulate the
excitability of intracortical neuronal circuits. Long periods of cortical stimulation can produce …

Stroke has long been regarded as focal disease with circumscribed damage leading to
neurological deficits. However, advances in methods for assessing the human brain and in …

With increasing rates of survival throughout the past several years, stroke remains one of the
leading causes of adult disability. Following the onset of stroke, spontaneous mechanisms of …

Approximately one-third of patients with stroke exhibit persistent disability after the initial
cerebrovascular episode, with motor impairments accounting for most poststroke disability …

The motor system comprises a network of cortical and subcortical areas interacting via
excitatory and inhibitory circuits, thereby governing motor behaviour. The balance within the …

Both resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) and transcranial magnetic
stimulation (TMS) are increasingly popular techniques that can be used to non-invasively …

Brain–computer interfaces (BCI) allow control of computers or external devices with
regulation of brain activity alone. Invasive BCIs, almost exclusively investigated in animal …

The review focuses on the clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS). The central motor conduction time (CMCT) is a sensitive method to detect …

Objective This study aimed at identifying the impact of subcortical stroke on the interaction of
cortical motor areas within and across hemispheres during the generation of voluntary hand …