The long history of life on Earth has unfolded as a cause-and-effect relationship with the
evolving amount of oxygen (O2) in the oceans and atmosphere. Oxygen deficiency …

Cyanobacteria played an important role in the evolution of Early Earth and the biosphere.
They are responsible for the oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans since the Great …

Eukaryotic life appears to have flourished surprisingly late in the history of our planet. This
view is based on the low diversity of diagnostic eukaryotic fossils in marine sediments of mid …

Fossilized lipids preserved in sedimentary rocks offer singular insights into the Earth's
palaeobiology. These 'biomarkers' encode information pertaining to the oxygenation of the …

The integration of fossils, phylogeny, and geochronology has resulted in an increasingly
well-resolved timetable of evolution. Life appears to have taken root before the earliest …

RelTime estimates divergence times by relaxing the assumption of a strict molecular clock in
a phylogeny. It shows excellent performance in estimating divergence times for both …

Squalene monooxygenase (SM) is a vital sterol synthesis enzyme across eukaryotic life. In
yeast, it is a therapeutic target for treating certain fungal infections, and in mammals it is a …

Eukaryotes produce highly modified sterols, including cholesterol, essential to eukaryotic
physiology. Although few bacterial species are known to produce sterols, de novo …

Terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are the largest and most diverse class of organic
compounds in nature and are involved in many membrane-associated cellular processes …

Understanding the timing and trajectory of atmospheric oxygenation remains fundamental to
deciphering its causes and consequences. Given its origin in oxygen-free photochemistry …