Nucleic acid therapeutics represent a highly promising treatment approach in modern
medicine, treating diseases at the genetic level. However, these therapeutics face numerous …

Exosomes have emerged as promising tools for targeted drug delivery in biomedical
applications and medicine. This review delves into the scientific advancements, challenges …

Conspectus Immunotherapy has become a crucial strategy for cancer and infectious
diseases due to its ability to leverage the power of the immune system to combat diseases …

The Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been spreading globally and have never
disappeared from our sight, indicating that their coexistence with humans has become a fact …

Intranasal vaccines hold a huge promise for preventing influenza infection, however, their
development is compromised due to mucosal barriers and limited systemic and mucosal …

Exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles, are of particular interest in studies on
SARS-CoV-2 infection because of their crucial role in intercellular communication. These …

Pulmonary diseases are severe clinical conditions marked by widespread inflammation in
the lungs, leading to impaired gas exchange, respiratory failure, and significant mortality …

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), including exosomes and microvesicles (MVs), are nano-
sized membranous particles shed by almost all cell types. Both play significant roles in …

Extracellular vesicles are spherical lipid bilayer vesicles composed of lipids, proteins and
nucleic acids that could deliver signaling molecules into target cells to regulate their function …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released by cells with bilayer lipid membranes
that have been demonstrated to regulate biological activities. The potential of EVs as a novel …