How do proteins evolve? How do changes in sequence mediate changes in protein
structure, and in turn in function? This question has multiple angles, ranging from …

The success of Salmonella as a foodborne pathogen can probably be attributed to two major
features: its remarkable genetic diversity and its extraordinary ability to adapt. Salmonella …

Background The study of the gut microbiota (GM) is rapidly moving towards its functional
characterization by means of shotgun meta-omics. In this context, there is still no consensus …

Understanding the factors that shape viral evolution is critical for develo** effective
antiviral strategies, accurately predicting viral evolution, and preventing pandemics. One …

Symbiosis has played a major role in eukaryotic evolution beyond the origin of the
eukaryotic cell. Thus, organisms across the tree of life are associated with diverse microbial …

The protein-folding chaperone Hsp90 has been proposed to buffer the phenotypic effects of
mutations. The potential for Hsp90 and other putative buffers to increase robustness to …

Molecular chaperones, also known as heat-shock proteins, refold misfolded proteins and
help other proteins reach their native conformation. Thanks to these abilities, some …

Most mutations are deleterious and cause a reduction in population fitness known as the
mutational load. In small populations, weakened selection against slightly-deleterious …

Adaptation in new environments depends on the amount of genetic variation available for
evolution, and the efficacy by which natural selection discriminates among this variation …

Chaperones are proteins that help other proteins fold. They also affect the adaptive
evolution of their client proteins by buffering the effect of deleterious mutations and …