Biofilms in water environments are thought to be hot spots for horizontal gene transfer (HGT)
of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). ARGs can be spread via HGT, though mechanisms …

Urban wastewater treatment plants (UWTPs) are among the main sources of antibiotics'
release into the environment. The occurrence of antibiotics may promote the selection of …

Antibiotics are chemotherapeutic agents, which have been a very powerful tool in the clinical
management of bacterial diseases since the 1940s. However, benefits offered by these …

Bacteria evolve rapidly not only by mutation and rapid multiplication, but also by transfer of
DNA, which can result in strains with beneficial mutations from more than one parent …

There is growing concern that metal contamination functions as a selective agent in the
proliferation of antibiotic resistance. Documented associations between the types and levels …

Horizontal genomics is a new field in prokaryotic biology that is focused on the analysis of
DNA sequences in prokaryotic chromosomes that seem to have originated from other …

The large-scale application of xenobiotics adversely affects the environment. The genes that
are present in the chromosome of the bacteria are considered nonmobile, whereas the …

Acinetobacter baumannii is a species of nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria commonly
found in water and soil. This organism was susceptible to most antibiotics in the 1970s. It …

The overuse or misuse of antibiotics has accelerated antibiotic resistance, creating a major
challenge for the public health in the world. Sewage treatment plants (STPs) are considered …

To detect plasmid-borne antibiotic-resistance genes in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)
bacteria, 192 resistance-gene-specific PCR primer pairs were designed and synthesized …