Traditional building materials have some drawbacks in the construction industry, particularly
in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. Biomaterials derived from …

In industries as diverse as automotive, aerospace, medical, energy, construction,
electronics, and food, the engineering technology known as 3D printing or additive …

In contrast to conventional hard actuators, soft actuators offer many vivid advantages, such
as improved flexibility, adaptability, and reconfigurability, which are intrinsic to living …

Abstract 4D (bio‐) printing endows 3D printed (bio‐) materials with multiple functionalities
and dynamic properties. 4D printed materials have been recently used in biomedical …

Abstract 4D bioprinting is the next-generation additive manufacturing-based fabrication
platform employed to construct intricate, adaptive, and dynamic soft and hard tissue …

Abstract 3D printing alias additive manufacturing can transform 3D virtual models created by
computer-aided design (CAD) into physical 3D objects in a layer-by-layer manner …

Abstract 4D printing is an emerging fabrication technology that enables 3D printed structures
to change configuration over “time” in response to an environmental stimulus. Compared …

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has been a noticeable technology and made significant
progress since the late 1980s. Despite the tremendous growth, this technology is still facing …

Biofabrication technologies, including stereolithography and extrusion‐based printing, are
revolutionizing the creation of complex engineered tissues. The current paradigm in …

The rapid development of 3D printing has led to considerable progress in the field of
biomedical engineering. Notably, 4D printing provides a potential strategy to achieve a time …