Here we review recent progress in cooling micro-/nanoelectronic devices significantly below
10 mK. A number of groups worldwide are working to produce sub-millikelvin on-chip …

In 2019 the kelvin was redefined in terms of the Boltzmann constant. Here we outline the
implications of that redefinition for the realization and dissemination of the unit of …

At the nanoscale, local and accurate measurements of temperature are of particular
relevance when testing quantum thermodynamical concepts or investigating novel thermal …

Interest is growing in the development of quantum sensing based on the principles of
quantum mechanics, such as discrete energy levels, quantum superposition, and quantum …

On-chip demagnetization refrigeration has recently emerged as a powerful tool for reaching
microkelvin electron temperatures in nanoscale structures. The relative importance of …

A cryogenic quantum dot thermometer is calibrated and operated using only a single
nongalvanic gate connection. The thermometer is probed with radio-frequency reflectometry …

Electrothermal elements are used in various energy harvesters, coolers, and radiation
detectors. The optimal operation of these elements relies on mastering two competing …

We report a summary of the technical achievements of the European Metrology Research
Programme Project (EMRP)“Implementing the new Kelvin”(InK 1). In short these are:• The …

The charge localization of single electrons on mesoscopic metallic islands leads to a
suppression of the electrical current, known as the Coulomb blockade. When this correction …

This paper reports on the results achieved within the European Metrology Research
Programme project “Implementing the new kelvin—InK” in the low-temperature range below …