Aggression is a social behavior essential for securing resources and defending oneself and
family. Thanks to its indispensable function in competition and thus survival, aggression …

Laboratory-based research dominates the fields of comparative physiology and
biomechanics. The power of lab work has long been recognized by experimental biologists …

The colloquial term “hangry” refers to the notion that people become angry when hungry, but
very little research has directly determined the extent to which the relationship between …

In this study we examined fasted and refed cfos activation in cortical, brainstem, and
hypothalamic brain regions associated with appetite regulation. We examined a number of …

Historically, research on the neuroendocrinology of aggression has been dominated by the
paradigm that the brain receives sex steroid hormones, such as testosterone (T), from the …

Food abundance is closely associated with reproductive readiness in vertebrates. Food
scarcity can activate the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis, decrease sex steroid …

Recent studies have revealed the presence and regulation of aromatase at the vertebrate
synapse, and identified a critical role played by presynaptic estradiol synthesis in the …

Aggression is an adaptive behavior that plays an important role in gaining access to limited
resources. Aggression may occur uncoupled from reproduction, thus offering a valuable …

Many animals fight for dominance between conspecifics. Because winners could obtain
more resources than losers, fighting outcomes are important for the animal's survival …

Physiological resonance–where the physiological state of a subject generates the same
state in a perceiver–has been proposed as a proximate mechanism facilitating pro-social …