Modelling the transport of cosmic rays (CRs) in the heliosphere represents a global
challenge in the field of heliophysics, in that such a study, if it were to be performed from first …

This chapter provides an overview of current efforts in the theory and modeling of CMEs.
Five key areas are discussed:(1) CME initiation;(2) CME evolution and propagation;(3) the …

After decades of observations of solar energetic particles from space-based observatories,
relevant questions on particle injection, transport, and acceleration remain open. To address …

The physical processes affecting the dynamics of the Earth's particle radiation environment
are reviewed along with scientific and engineering models developed for its description. The …

We investigate the combined effects of solar energetic particle propagation, parallel and
perpendicular to the large-scale magnetic field in the solar wind. Numerical methods …

Aims. We introduce a new solar energetic particle (SEP) transport code that aims at studying
the effects of different background solar wind configurations on SEP events. In this work, we …

The basics of focused transport as applied to solar energetic particles are reviewed, paying
special attention to areas of common misconception. The micro-physics of charged particles …

Test-particle simulations are an important tool for magnetospheric and heliophysics
research. In this paper, we present the Space Plasma and Energetic Charged particle …

We analyze 65–105 keV electrons in the 7 February 2010 solar electron event observed
simultaneously by STEREO‐A, STEREO‐B, and ACE. A method to reconstruct the full …

Abstract We report on Monte Carlo simulations of solar energetic particle (SEP) acceleration
at quasi-parallel coronal shocks under the influence of self-generated Alfvén waves. The …