Abstract The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway plays a crucial role in various
cellular processes and is aberrantly activated in cancers, contributing to the occurrence and …

The cystine/glutamate antiporter SLC7A11 (also commonly known as xCT) functions to
import cystine for glutathione biosynthesis and antioxidant defense and is overexpressed in …

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases
such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most lethal and prevalent malignancies in the world
and was responsible for nearly 881,000 cancer-related deaths in 2018. Surgery and …

Insulin resistance, defined as a defect in insulin-mediated control of glucose metabolism in
tissues—prominently in muscle, fat and liver—is one of the earliest manifestations of a …

The altered metabolic programme of cancer cells facilitates their cell-autonomous
proliferation and survival. In normal cells, signal transduction pathways control core cellular …

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic 3‐dimensional network of macromolecules that
provides structural support for the cells and tissues. Accumulated knowledge clearly …

Cancer is a severe public health issue that is a leading cause of mortality globally. It is also
an impediment to improving life expectancy worldwide. Furthermore, the global burden of …

TGFβ signalling has key roles in cancer progression: most carcinoma cells have inactivated
their epithelial antiproliferative response and benefit from increased TGFβ expression and …

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity is stimulated by diverse oncogenes and growth
factor receptors, and elevated PI3K signaling is considered a hallmark of cancer. Many PI3K …