The heterogeneity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), long recognised by clinicians, is
now challenging the entire lupus community, from geneticists to clinical investigators …

Purpose of review FDA-approved B cell-targeted therapy has expanded to a multitude of
autoimmune diseases ranging from organ specific diseases, like pemphigus and multiple …

One of the major goals of in vivo gene transfer is to achieve long-term expression of
therapeutic transgenes in terminally differentiated cells. The extensive clinical experience …

Autoimmune diseases with B cell–directed therapeutics approved by the US Food and Drug
Administration are surprisingly diverse in clinical manifestations and pathophysiology. In this …

The therapeutic efficacy of B-cell depletion by anti-CD20 treatment in pediatric and, more
recently, in adult idiopathic nephrotic syndrome patients suggests a key role of B cells in the …

The interest in regulatory B cells (Bregs) began in the 1970s with the evidence that B cells
could downregulate the immune system by the production of “inhibitory” antibodies …

In mice, B1 and marginal zone (MZ) B-cells play an important role in prevention of
autoimmunity through production of regulatory cytokines and natural antibodies. There is …

Introduction IgA nephropathy is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide.
Immune complexes, composed of galactose-deficient IgA1 and Gd-IgA1 autoantibodies, are …

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is a rare autoimmune disorder and the leading cause
of biopsy-reported glomerulonephritis (GN) worldwide. Disease progression is driven by the …

A PRoliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL), the thirteenth member of the tumor necrosis factor
superfamily, plays a key role in the regulation of activated B cells, the survival of long-lived …