Optical trap** describes the interaction between light and matter to manipulate micro-
objects through momentum transfer. In the case of 3D trap** with a single beam, this is …

We summarize in this article the experiments which have been performed to test the
theoretical findings in stochastic thermodynamics such as fluctuation theorem, Jarzynski …

Thermodynamics originated in the need to understand novel technologies developed by the
Industrial Revolution. However, over the centuries, the description of engines, refrigerators …

Heat engines convert thermal energy into mechanical work and generally involve a large
number of particles. We report the experimental realization of a single-atom heat engine. An …

Heat engines should ideally have large power output, operate close to Carnot efficiency and
show constancy, ie, exhibit only small fluctuations in this output. For steady-state heat …

Optical tweezers, tools based on strongly focused light, enable optical trap**,
manipulation, and characterisation of a wide range of microscopic and nanoscopic …

We realize a heat engine using a single-electron spin as a working medium. The spin
pertains to the valence electron of a trapped Ca+ 40 ion, and heat reservoirs are emulated …

Since their invention in 1986 by Arthur Ashkin and colleagues, optical tweezers have
become an essential tool in several fields of physics, spectroscopy, biology …

The efficient conversion of thermal energy to mechanical work by a heat engine is an
ongoing technological challenge. Since the pioneering work of Carnot, it has been known …

For a large class of nonequilibrium systems, thermodynamic notions like work, heat, and, in
particular, entropy production can be identified on the level of fluctuating dynamical …