Microbial organisms have key roles in numerous physiological processes in the human
body and have recently been shown to modify the response to immune checkpoint …

CD4+ T cells play an important role in immune responses against pathogens and cancer
cells. Although their main task is to provide help to other effector immune cells, a growing …

Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most adverse diagnoses in oncology. Complex current
treatment results in a median survival of 15 months. Resistance to treatment is associated …

Realizing precise therapy for glioblastomas (GBMs), a kind of high-frequency malignant
brain tumor, is of great importance in improving the overall survival (OS) of patients. With …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, presents
significant therapeutic challenges due to its molecular complexity, late-stage diagnosis, and …

Purpose To date, immunotherapeutic approaches in glioblastoma (GBM) have had limited
clinical efficacy as compared to other solid tumors. Here we explore autologous cell …

Purpose: Recent studies have demonstrated HLA class II (HLA-II)–dependent killing of
melanoma cells by cytotoxic CD4 T cells. We investigated evolution of HLA-II–loss tumors …

Peptide vaccines have emerged as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy, yet
often lack of strong, specific and sustained immune responses against tumor antigens. To …

Abstract The Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) proteins promote cell survival and are at the nexus
of multiple inflammatory pathways. Smac mimetic compounds (SMCs) are small molecule …