Honey bees, and pollinators in general, play a major role in the health of ecosystems. There
is a consensus about the steady decrease in pollinator populations, which raises global …

Multiple global change pressures, and their interplay, cause plant–pollinator extinctions and
modify species assemblages and interactions. This may alter the risks of pathogen host …

Pollinator reductions can leave communities less diverse and potentially at increased risk of
infectious diseases. Species-rich plant and bee communities have high species turnover …

Highlights•Over 80 different species of bees have been introduced around the world.•Non-
native bees range from solitary to social, and managed to unmanaged.•There exists a …

In this review, we summarize the current data on development of monoxenous
trypanosomatids and phytomonads in various insects. Of these, Diptera and Hemiptera are …

Diseases contribute to the decline of pollinator populations, which may be aggravated by the
interspecific transmission of honey bee pests and pathogens. Flowers increase the risk of …

In recent years, many pollinators have experienced large population declines, which
threaten food security and the stability of natural ecosystems. Bumble bees are particularly …

Pathogens and lack of floral resources interactively impair global pollinator health. However,
epidemiological and nutritional studies aimed at understanding bee declines have …

The frequency and intensity of extreme heat in the environment have increased in the last
decade. Extreme heating events (EHE) have wide-ranging impacts on biological systems …

Background Honey bees and honeycomb bees are very valuable for wild flowering plants
and economically important crops due to their role as pollinators. However, these insects …