Drosophila is a marvelous system to study the underlying principles that govern how neural
circuits govern behaviors. The scale of the fly brain (∼ 100,000 neurons) and the complexity …

A ubiquitous feature of an animal's response to an odorant is that it declines when the
odorant is frequently or continuously encountered. This decline in olfactory response …

The Bowditch effect or staircase phenomenon is the increment or reduction of contractile
force when heart rate increases, defined as either a positive or negative staircase. The …

We investigated the effect of inhalation of vaporized marijuana on cardiac function in
Drosophila melanogaster, a suitable genetic model for studying human diseases. Adult flies …

There is increasing evidence for a strong genetic basis for autism, with many genetic models
being developed in an attempt to replicate autistic symptoms in animals. However, current …

Large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer are required for successful rice production, which is very
costly and hazardous to the environment. The biofertilizer application is an alternative …

Whilst the effects and associated costs of excessive alcohol consumption in the human
population are obvious at one level, the roles played by genetic factors at the molecular …

The olfactory-jump response assay was used to analyze habituation in Drosophila mutants
of potassium (K+) channel subunits. As with physiological assays of the giant fiber-mediated …

Stress plays an important role in drug-and addiction-related behaviours. However, the
mechanisms underlying these behavioural responses are still poorly understood. In the light …

In habituation the probability of a behavioral response decreases with repeated
presentations of a stimulus. This is a simple kind of learning since it involves an adaptive …