Organ scarring, referred to as fibrosis, results from a failed wound-healing response to
chronic tissue injury and is characterised by the aberrant accumulation of various …

The cornea is continuously exposed to injuries, ranging from minor scratches to deep
traumas. An effective healing mechanism is crucial for the cornea to restore its structure and …

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune condition affecting the eyes,
characterized by proptosis, extraocular muscle involvement, and in severe cases, vision …

Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) is widely used in therapeutics and cosmetics.
The effects of multi‐dosed BoNT/A treatment are well documented on the peripheral nervous …

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an inflammatory orbital disease associated
with autoimmune thyroid disorders. Owing to the ambiguous nature of the pathogenesis …

TGF-β plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of GO by promoting orbital tissue remodeling
and fibrosis. This process involves the stimulation of orbital fibroblasts, leading to …

Introduction: Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is an autoimmune disorder that is characterized by
thyroid gland dysfunction. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), as a safe and non-invasive …

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p, p'-DDT) were reported …

A state of chronic inflammation is common in organs affected by autoimmune disorders,
such as autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). Epithelial cells, such as thyroid follicular cells …

Существующие терапевтические подходы к лечению эндокринной офтальмопатии
(ЭОП) основываются на неспецифической иммуносупрессии глюкокортикоидами (ГК) и …