Background Neuroinflammation is the response of the central nervous system to events that
interfere with tissue homeostasis and represents a common denominator in virtually all …

The endotoxin hypothesis of neurodegeneration is the hypothesis that endotoxin causes or
contributes to neurodegeneration. Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide (LPS), constituting …

The endotoxin hypothesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the idea that lipopolysaccharide
(LPS) endotoxins contribute to the pathogenesis of this disorder. LPS endotoxins are found …

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are generated by macrophages inside
their phagolysosomes. This production is essential for phagocytosis of damaged cells and …

Lipopolysaccharide molecules represent a unique family of glycolipids based on a highly
conserved lipid moiety known as lipid A. These molecules are produced by most gram …

The impact of the gut microbiome on host health is becoming increasingly recognized. To
date, there is growing evidence that the complex characteristics of the microbial community …

The onset of inflammation is associated with reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage
to macromolecules like 7, 8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) in DNA. Because 8-oxoguanine …

Bacterial sepsis is a major cause of fatality worldwide. Sepsis is a multi-step process that
involves an uncontrolled inflammatory response by the host cells that may result in multi …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria is one of the most potent innate
immune-activating stimuli known. Here we review the current understanding of LPS effects …

Background Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also referred to as endotoxin, is the major
constituent of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of virtually all Gram-negative bacteria …