Cancer is a disease of uncontrollably reproducing cells. It is governed by biochemical
pathways that have escaped the regulatory bounds of normal homeostatic balance. This …

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a novel principle for explaining the precise spatial
and temporal regulation in living cells. LLPS compartmentalizes proteins and nucleic acids …

Biomolecular condensates, membrane-less entities arising from liquid–liquid phase
separation, hold dichotomous roles in health and disease. Alongside their physiological …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) relay extracellular stimuli into specific cellular
functions. Cells express many different GPCRs, but all these GPCRs signal to only a few …

Malignant transformation is characterized by dysregulation of diverse cellular processes that
have been the subject of detailed genetic, biochemical, and structural studies, but only …

Janus kinase/signal transduction and transcription activation (JAK/STAT) pathways were
originally thought to be intracellular signaling pathways that mediate cytokine signals in …

Cell signaling is a complex process. The faithful transduction of information into specific
cellular actions depends on the synergistic effects of many regulatory molecules, nurtured by …

Cells relay a plethora of extracellular signals to specific cellular responses by using only a
few second messengers, such as cAMP. To explain signaling specificity, cAMP-degrading …

Cells interpret a variety of signals through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and
stimulate the generation of second messengers such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate …

G protein–coupled receptors are the largest and pharmacologically most important receptor
family and are involved in the regulation of most cell functions. Most of them reside …