Parkinson's disease (PD) is essentially characterized by the motor symptoms in the form of
resting tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. However, over the years it has been recognized …

Background: Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by
chronic and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in substansia nigra pars compacta …

Despite the fact that nonmotor symptoms (NMS) like gastrointestinal (GI) complaints are
frequently reported in Parkinson's disease (PD), no therapeutic guidelines are available …

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative
disease worldwide. Gut dysbiosis is hypothesized to cause PD; therefore, whether probiotics …

In many everyday settings, the relationship between our choices and their potentially
rewarding outcomes is probabilistic and dynamic. In addition, the difficulty of the choices can …

The recognition and treatment of nonmotor symptoms are increasingly emphasized in the
care of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. This manuscript will review signs and symptoms …

Dopamine agonists (DAs) are frequently used in the management of Parkinson's disease
(PD), a complex multisystem disorder influenced substantially by age-related factors. Over …

Apathy, primarily defined as a lack of motivation, commonly occurs in people with Parkinson
disease (PD). Although dysfunction of basal ganglia pathways may contribute to apathy, the …

Objectives: Psychosis is common and often medically intractable in Parkinson disease (PD).
Sometimes, its management is essential for the determination of the prognosis of PD. There …

Fatigue is an important contributor to poor quality of life. The aim of our research was to
identify factors associated with fatigue among patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The …