Insulin, a hormone produced by pancreatic β-cells, has a primary function of maintaining
glucose homeostasis. Deficiencies in β-cell insulin secretion result in the development of …

The important life-supporting role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has evolved from bacteria to
plants, invertebrates, vertebrates, and finally to mammals. Over the centuries, however, H2S …

In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the late diabetic complications in nerve, vascular
endothelium, and kidney arise from chronic elevations of glucose and possibly other …

▪ Abstract The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family of enzymes is recruited upon growth
factor receptor activation and produces 3′ phosphoinositide lipids. The lipid products of …

Although a full understanding of insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) action is evolving, the
discovery of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins and their role to link cell surface …

Vasodilator actions of insulin are mediated by activation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase
(eNOS) and subsequent production of NO. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt play …

Glucokinase (GK) serves as glucose sensor in pancreatic β-cells and in other glucose
sensor cells in the body. Biochemical genetic studies have characterized many activating …

Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) molecules are key mediators in insulin signaling and play a
central role in maintaining basic cellular functions such as growth, survival, and metabolism …

Regulation of glucose homeostasis by insulin depends on the maintenance of normal β-cell
mass and function. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) has been implicated in islet …

We tested the hypothesis that obesity, independent of insulin resistance, is associated with
increased insulin secretion. We compared insulin kinetics before and after glucose ingestion …