Recent global temperature reconstructions for the current interglacial period (the Holocene,
beginning 11,700 years ago) have generated contrasting trends. This Review examines …

Robust evidence exists that certain extreme weather and climate events, especially daily
temperature and precipitation extremes, have changed in regard to intensity and frequency …

Working Group I (WGI) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assesses
the current evidence on the physical science of climate change, evaluating knowledge …

A remarkable exploration of the science, history, and politics of the Anthropocene, one of the
most important scientific ideas of our time, from two world-renowned experts Meteorites …

Government policies currently commit us to surface warming of three to four degrees Celsius
above pre-industrial levels by 2100, which will lead to enhanced ice-sheet melt. Ice-sheet …

Earth's climate history is often understood by breaking it down into constituent climatic
epochs 1. Over the Common Era (the past 2,000 years) these epochs, such as the Little Ice …

Anthropogenic emissions drive global-scale warming yet the temperature increase relative
to pre-industrial levels is uncertain. Using 300 years of ocean mixed-layer temperature …

Multidecadal surface temperature changes may be forced by natural as well as
anthropogenic factors, or arise unforced from the climate system. Distinguishing these …

Abstract Changes in the Arctic atmosphere, cryosphere and Ocean are drastically altering
the dynamics of phytoplankton, the base of marine ecosystems. This Review addresses four …

The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is a potentially unstable component of the Earth system and
may exhibit a critical transition under ongoing global warming. Mass reductions of the GrIS …