Blockchain consensus protocols have been a focus of attention since the advent of Bitcoin.
Although classic distributed consensus algorithms made significant contributions to the …

In a blockchain-based system, the lack of centralized control requires active participation
and cooperative behaviors of system entities to ensure system security and sustainability …

Within just four years, the blockchain-based Decentralized Finance (DeFi) ecosystem has
accumulated a peak total value locked (TVL) of more than 253 billion USD. This surge in …

Limitations on high latency and low scalability of classical blockchain systems retard their
adoptions and applications. Reconstructed blockchain systems have been proposed to …

Blockchain technology has been widely used in finance, Internet of Things, insurance, and
other fields since it was proposed in 2008. As a part of blockchain technology, the …

Blockchains are distributed systems, in which security is a critical factor for their success.
However, despite their increasing popularity and adoption, there is a lack of standardized …

To solve the data island issue in the distributed Internet of Things (IoT) without privacy
leakage, privacy-preserving federated learning (PPFL) has been extensively explored in …

Blockchain has been widely used in the Internet of Things (IoT) to address security problems
such as DDoS and Sybil. However, how to design a lightweight Proof-of-Work (PoW) for the …

The rapid evolution of blockchain technology has brought together stakeholders from
fundamentally different backgrounds. The result is a diverse ecosystem, as exemplified by …

Blockchain has received tremendous attention in non-monetary applications including the
Internet of Things (IoT) due to its salient features including decentralization, security …