Synthetic photoswitches have been known for many years, but their usefulness in biology,
pharmacology, and medicine has only recently been systematically explored. Over the past …

Glutamate serves as both the mammalian brain's primary excitatory neurotransmitter and as
a key neuromodulator to control synapse and circuit function over a wide range of spatial …

Monitoring and modulating the diversity of signals used by neurons and glia in a closed-loop
fashion is necessary to establish causative links between biochemical processes within the …

The mesocorticolimbic pathway is canonically known as the" reward pathway." Embedded
within the center of this circuit is the striatum, a massive and complex network hub that …

Light-controllable tools provide powerful means to manipulate and interrogate brain function
with relatively low invasiveness and high spatiotemporal precision. Although optogenetic …

Late-stage retinal degenerative disease involving photoreceptor loss can be treated by
optogenetic therapy, cell transplantation and retinal prostheses. These approaches aim to …

Degenerative retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular
degeneration (AMD) affect millions of people around the world and lead to irreversible vision …

Inherited and age-related retinal degenerative diseases cause progressive loss of rod and
cone photoreceptors, leading to blindness, but spare downstream retinal neurons, which …

Degenerative retinal disorders are a diverse family of diseases commonly leading to
irreversible photoreceptor death, while leaving the inner retina relatively intact. Over recent …

The interest in the photochromism and functional applications of donor–acceptor Stenhouse
adducts (DASAs) soared in recent years owing to their outstanding advantages and flexible …