Synapses are specialized junctions between neurons in brain that transmit and compute
information, thereby connecting neurons into millions of overlap** and interdigitated …

Sharp wave ripples (SPW‐Rs) represent the most synchronous population pattern in the
mammalian brain. Their excitatory output affects a wide area of the cortex and several …

The ability to associate temporally segregated information and assign positive or negative
valence to environmental cues is paramount for survival. Studies have shown that different …

“A rigorous, in-depth guide to the history, philosophy, and scientific exploration of this
widespread emotional state...[LeDoux] offers a magisterial review of the role of mind and …

Pavlovian fear conditioning is a particularly useful behavioral paradigm for exploring the
molecular mechanisms of learning and memory because a well-defined response to a …

The field of neuroscience has, after a long period of looking the other way, again embraced
emotion as an important research area. Much of the progress has come from studies of fear …

Changing the strength of connections between neurons is widely assumed to be the
mechanism by which memory traces are encoded and stored in the central nervous system …

Considerable progress has been made over the past 20 years in relating specific circuits of
the brain to emotional functions. Much of this work has involved studies of Pavlovian or …

Sah, P., ESL Faber, M. Lopez de Armentia, and J. Power. The Amygdaloid Complex:
Anatomy and Physiology. Physiol Rev 83: 803–834, 2003; 10.1152/physrev. 00002.2003 …

▪ Abstract Learning the relationships between aversive events and the environmental stimuli
that predict such events is essential to the survival of organisms throughout the animal …