A large body of evidence generated in the last two and a half years addresses the roles of T
cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and following vaccination. Infection or vaccination induces …

Background Understanding the level and characteristics of protection from past SARS-CoV-
2 infection against subsequent re-infection, symptomatic COVID-19 disease, and severe …

Considerable research effort has been made worldwide to decipher the immune response
triggered upon severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections …

Abstract Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been the most severe public health
challenge in this century. Two years after its emergence, the rapid development and …

The adaptive immune response is a major determinant of the clinical outcome after SARS-
CoV-2 infection and underpins vaccine efficacy. T cell responses develop early and …

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B. 1.1. 529) has multiple spike protein
mutations, that contribute to viral escape from antibody neutralization,,–and reduce vaccine …

Immunological memory is the basis of protective immunity provided by vaccines and
previous infections. Immunological memory can develop from multiple branches of the …

The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Omicron (B. 1.1. 529) variant of concern (VOC) has destabilized global efforts to control the …

Pre-existing cross-reactive immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins in infection-naive subjects have been described by …

Antibodies against epitopes in S1 give the most accurate CoP against infection by the SARS‐
CoV‐2 coronavirus. Measurement of those antibodies by neutralization or binding assays …