The control parameterization method used together with the time-scaling transformation is
an effective approach to approximating optimal control problems into optimal parameter …

This paper focuses on the solution to nonlinear time-delay optimal control problems with
time-varying delay subject to canonical equality and inequality constraints. Traditional …

In this paper, a class of time-delay fractional optimal control problems (TDFOCPs) is studied.
Delays may appear in state or control (or both) functions. By an embedding process and …

This paper introduces an efficient numerical scheme for solving a significant class of
nonlinear delay optimal control problem governed by Fredholm integro-differential …

This paper deals with the numerical solution of optimal control problems with multiple delays
in both state and control variables. A direct approach based on a hybrid of block‐pulse …

The aim of this paper is to determine the optimal open loop solution and a nonlinear delay‐
dependent state feedback suboptimal control for a class of nonlinear polynomial time delay …

Optimal control problems for a class of time delay systems with quadratic performance index
are studied. By approximating various time functions in the systems as their truncated hybrid …

In this paper, we consider a class of optimal control problems where the dynamical systems
are time-delay switched systems with the delay being a function of time. By applying the …

In this article a suboptimal linear-state feedback controller for multi-delay quadratic system is
investigated. Optimal state and input coefficients resulting from the expansion over a hybrid …

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a population‐based stochastic optimization technique
in a smooth search space. However, in a category of trajectory optimization problem with …