The mammalian urinary tract is a contiguous hollow‐organ system whose primary function is
to collect, transport, store, and expel urine periodically and in a highly coordinated fashion …

Background. The prevalence of vesicoureteral reflux in normal children has been estimated
to be 0.4% to 1.8%. Based on epidemiological data, it can be estimated that 2.2% of girls …

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is estimated to affect 3% of pregnant women in
high-income countries,(Piccoli et al., 2018,# 13860) which equates to between 15,000 …

Purpose: We evaluated the difference in the febrile urinary tract infection rate in small
children with dilating vesicoureteral reflux randomly allocated to 3 management alternatives …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with reduced fertility and an increased risk of
adverse pregnancy outcomes. Rates of pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction and preterm …

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder toward the kidney,
is common in young children. About 30% of children with urinary tract infections will be …

Urothelium synthesizes a group of integral membrane proteins called uroplakins, which form
two-dimensional crystals (urothelial plaques) covering> 90% of the apical urothelial surface …

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) include vesicoureteral reflux
(VUR). VUR is a complex, genetically heterogeneous developmental disorder characterized …

The prevalence of vesico‐ureteric reflux in the general population is unknown, but it is
increased in risk groups, such as children with symptomatic urinary tract infection …

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) may be primary or secondary. Primary VUR is the most common
congenital anomaly of urinary tract that is diagnosed mostly after urinary tract infection (UTI) …