Although the discovery of the critical role of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the pathogenesis of
Parkinson's disease (PD) is now twenty-five years old, it still represents a milestone in PD …

Dopamine (DA) is a key neurotransmitter involved in multiple physiological functions
including motor control, modulation of affective and emotional states, reward mechanisms …

The most commonly used treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) is levodopa, prescribed in
conjunction with carbidopa. Virtually all patients with PD undergo dopamine replacement …

Analysis of human pathology led Braak to postulate that α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology could
spread from the gut to brain via the vagus nerve. Here, we test this postulate by assessing α …

The striatum is essential for learning which actions lead to reward and for implementing
those actions. Decades of experimental and theoretical work have led to several influential …

The dopaminergic system plays important roles in neuromodulation, such as motor control,
motivation, reward, cognitive function, maternal, and reproductive behaviors. Dopamine is a …

Behaviours such as eating, copulating, defending oneself or taking addictive drugs begin
with a motivation to initiate the behaviour. Both this motivational drive and the behaviours …

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease with a highly multifaceted
pathology that includes (but is not limited to) sensitivity to drug-associated cues, negative …

Cell-replacement therapies have long been an attractive prospect for treating Parkinson
disease. However, the outcomes of fetal tissue-derived cell transplants in individuals with …

In the mammalian nervous system, billions of neurons connected by quadrillions of
synapses exchange electrical, chemical and mechanical signals. Disruptions to this network …