THP-1 is a human monocytic leukemia cell line. After treatment with phorbol esters, THP-1
cells differentiate into macrophage-like cells which mimic native monocyte-derived …

The polypeptide cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) affects nearly every tissue and organ system. IL-
1 is the prototype of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in that it induces the expression of a …

Quiescent T cells can be induced to express many genes by mitogen or antigen stimulation.
The messenger RNAs of some of these genes undergo relatively rapid degradation …

Production of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α),
interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and granulocyte-macrophage colony …

Publisher Summary Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) participate in self-
augmentation induction mechanisms. Recombinant human IL-1 and TNF are each capable …

For the past 30 years, considerable experimentation on the mechanisms of host responses
to infection has centered on soluble products derived from phagocytic cells. The biologic …

Interleukin (IL)-18, formerly called interferon γ (IFN-γ)-inducing factor, is biologically and
structurally related to IL-1β. A comparison of gene expression, synthesis, and processing of …

Antimicrobial effector mechanisms are central to the function of the innate immune response
in host defense against microbial pathogens. In humans, activation of Toll-like receptor 2/1 …

Cultured monocytes and macrophages stimulated with LPS produce large quantities of proIL-
1β, but release little mature cytokine to the medium. The efficiency at which the procytokine …

We have demonstrated a dramatic induction of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-
SOD) mRNA levels in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-1, and tumor …