The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a heterogeneous, complex organization composed of
tumor, stroma, and endothelial cells that is characterized by cross talk between tumor and …

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) is a term that encompasses all B cells that act to suppress
immune responses. Bregs contribute to the maintenance of tolerance, limiting ongoing …

Cytokines play a critical role in regulating host immune response toward cancer and
determining the overall fate of tumorigenesis. The tumor microenvironment is dominated …

Pancreatic cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death, but despondently, the outlook
and prognosis for this resistant type of tumor have remained grim for a long time. Currently, it …

Within a tumor, IL-1β is produced and secreted by various cell types, such as immune cells,
fibroblasts, or cancer cells. The IL1B gene is induced after “priming” of the cells and a …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is associated with a poor prognosis and there are few
treatment options. The development of immunotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma …

Tumorigenesis proceeds through discrete steps where acquisition of genetic lesions and
changes in the surrounding microenvironment combine to drive unrestricted neoplastic …

Inflammation is strongly associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a highly
lethal malignancy. Dysregulated RNA splicing factors have been widely reported in …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents a fatal clinical challenge characterized
by a dismal 5-year overall survival rate, primarily due to the lack of early diagnosis and …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal solid tumors. The tumor
immune microenvironment (TIME) formed by interactions among cancer cells, immune cells …