Hydrogen energy-based electrochemical energy conversion technologies offer the promise
of enabling a transition of the global energy landscape from fossil fuels to renewable energy …

Much of chemistry is concerned with the study of reactions and processes in solution, that is,
where liquids are used as solvents. 2, 3 The solvent is the (excess) liquid phase in which …

Intense ultrashort light pulses comprising merely a few wave cycles became routinely
available by the turn of the millennium. The technologies underlying their production and …

We review oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption spectra of both molecules and solids. We start
with an overview of the main experimental aspects of oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption …

Ionic liquids (ILs) offer a wide range of promising applications because of their much
enhanced properties. However, further development of such materials depends on the …

Materials can be transformed from one crystalline phase to another by using an electric field
to control ion transfer, in a process that can be harnessed in applications such as batteries …

Solid/liquid interfaces are ubiquitous in nature and knowledge of their atomic-level structure
is essential in elucidating many phenomena in chemistry, physics, materials science and …

After conquering the atomic structure about a century ago, chemists have been largely
interested in understanding the concept of chemical bond and the formation of a molecule …

When Szent-Györgyi called water the “matrix of life”, 1 he was echoing an old sentiment.
Paracelsus in the 16th century said that “water was the matrix of the world and of all its …

Water is a ubiquitous liquid substance in our world and has by all accounts striking
properties that set it aside from other liquids. A monumental collective set of volumes, edited …