Porous crystalline materials usually include metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent
organic frameworks (COFs), hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) and zeolites …

Solid-state proton conductors (SSPCs), which are a key component for the safety and
efficiency of fuel cells, have received much attention due to their broad application in …

Environmentally adaptive power generation is attractive for the development of next-
generation energy sources. Here we develop a heterogeneous moisture-enabled electric …

Superwettability is a special case of the wetting phenomenon among liquids, gases, and
solids. The superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic effect discovered initially has undergone a …

Biological ion channels have remarkable ion selectivity, permeability and rectification
properties, but it is challenging to develop artificial analogues. Here, we report a metal …

Bioinspired smart asymmetric nanochannel membranes (BSANM) have been explored
extensively to achieve the delicate ionic transport functions comparable to those of living …

Bioinspired control of ion transport at the subnanoscale has become a major focus in the
fields of nanofluidics and membrane separation. It is fundamentally important to achieve …

Salinity difference between seawater and river water is a sustainable energy resource that
catches eyes of the public and the investors in the background of energy crisis. To capture …

Human skin is the largest organ, and it can transform multiple external stimuli into the
biopotential signals by virtue of ions as information carriers. Ionic skins (i-skins) that can …

In nature, hierarchically assembled nanoscale ionic conductors, such as ion channels and
ion pumps, become the structural and functional basis of bioelectric phenomena. Recently …