Environmental changes are expected to alter both the distribution and the abundance of
organisms. A disproportionate amount of past work has focused on distribution only, either …

Integral projection models (IPM s) use information on how an individual's state influences its
vital rates–survival, growth and reproduction–to make population projections. IPM s are …

Over the past 30 years, one of the most rapidly expanding areas in ecology has been the
development of structured population models, where individuals have attributes such as …

There is an urgent need to synthesize the state of our knowledge on plant responses to
climate. The availability of open-access data provide opportunities to examine quantitative …

Species' responses to environmental changes such as global warming are affected not only
by trends in mean conditions, but also by natural and human‐induced environmental …

As ectothermic organisms, butterflies have widely been used as models to explore the
predicted impacts of climate change. However, most studies explore only one life stage; to …

Biotic interactions are often ignored in assessments of climate change impacts. However,
climate‐related changes in species interactions, often mediated through increased …

In order to understand how changes in individual performance (growth, survival or
reproduction) influence population dynamics and evolution, ecologists are increasingly …

The relationship between the performance of individuals and the surrounding environment
is fundamental in ecology and evolutionary biology. Assessing how abiotic and biotic …

Microrefugia are sites that support populations of species when their ranges contract during
unfavorable climate episodes. Here, we review and discuss two aspects relevant for …