In tropical to temperate environments, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), such as enterococci and
Escherichia coli, can persist and potentially multiply, far removed from their natural reservoir …

Improved monitoring of potable water is essential if we are to achieve the UN Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG6: to make clean water and sanitation …

The 2021 revised guidelines of the World Health Organization recommend monitoring the
quality of sand in addition to water at recreational beaches. This review provides …

Current regulations and legislation require critical revision to determine safety for alternative
water sources and water reuse as part of the solution to global water crisis. In order to fulfill …

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a non-enveloped single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus,
belonging to the Hepeviridae family, resistant to environmental conditions, and transmitted …

Introduction Contaminated drinking and recreational waters account for most of the reported
Cryptosporidium spp. exposures in high-income countries. In June 2017, two successive …

Viral hepatitis, caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus
(HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), or hepatitis E virus (HEV), is a major global public health …

Faecal contamination of the coastal sea poses widespread hazard to human and
environmental health and is predicted to rise in response to global change and human …

Plasmid pBI143, abundant in the human gut, is a promising human-specific fecal marker.
However, studies on its optimal concentration methods, seasonal variations, and potential …

The majority of waterborne pathogens of public health concern do not originate in natural
water reservoirs but are instead introduced by point sources of pollution and non-point …