Light is important for plants as an energy source and a developmental signal, but it can also
cause stress to plants and modulates responses to stress. Excess and fluctuating light result …

Increases in ambient temperatures have been a severe threat to crop production in many
countries around the world under climate change. Chloroplasts serve as metabolic centers …

In our study, the effects of water stress on photosynthesis and photosynthetic electron
transport chain (PETC) were studied in several ways, including monitoring the change of …

In photosynthetic organisms, the photosystem II (PSII) complex is the primary target of
thermal damage. Plants have evolved a repair process to prevent the accumulation of …

In the field, plants experience high light (HL) intensities that are often accompanied by
elevated temperatures. Such conditions are a serious threat to agriculture production …

Life on earth is almost entirely solar-powered. We can get some idea of the enormous
quantity of energy received from the sun by noting that during daylight hours, the sun …

Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants, algae and cyanobacteria is initiated at photosystem II, a
homodimeric multisubunit protein–cofactor complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane …

The light reactions of photosynthesis in green plants are mediated by four large protein
complexes, embedded in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. Photosystem I (PSI) …

This review places photoprotection into the context of ecology and species diversity. The
focus is on photoprotection via the safe removal–as thermal energy–of excess solar energy …

Thylakoids of land plants have a bipartite structure, consisting of cylindrical grana stacks,
made of membranous discs piled one on top of the other, and stroma lamellae which are …