The mucus clearance system is the dominant mechanical host defense system of the human
lung. Mucus is cleared from the lung by cilia and airflow, including both two-phase gas-liquid …

This article explores the flow properties with mass and heat transfer of multilayered flow of
two immiscible fluids (Phan-Thien-Tanner and Jeffrey fluid models) flowing due to ciliary …

Within the human respiratory tract (HRT), virus diffuses through the periciliary fluid (PCF)
bathing the epithelium. But virus also undergoes advection: as the mucus layer sitting atop …

Cilia-driven fluid flow is important for multiple processes in the body, including respiratory
mucus clearance, gamete transport in the oviduct, right–left patterning in the embryonic …

This work delves into the peristaltic rheology of two-wave sinusoidal cilia beating within a
tubular pipe. Cilia movement drives the dynamic phenomenon of peristaltic fluid flow …

Airway mucus is thought to be required for the clearance of inhaled particles by mucociliary
transport, but this view has recently been challenged. To test if mucus is necessary for cilia …

Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is the first line of defense in clearing airways. In genetically
engineered mice, each component of this system (ciliary beat, mucus, airway surface …

Understanding the mechanisms involved in the movement and clearance of mucus within
the human airways is important from a physiological perspective. A mathematical model of …

Mucous flow in a tracheal lumen is generated by the beat motion of ciliated cells to provide a
clearance function by discharging harmful dust particles and viruses. Due to its physiological …

Human pulmonary epithelial cells are protected by two layers of fluid—the outer watery
periciliary liquid layer (PCL) and the uppermost non-Newtonian mucus layer (ML). Aerosols …