This review focuses on the current status of antibiotics use, effects on animal health and the
environment, existing policies and regulatory mechanisms in the top 15 producing countries …

Blood analyses provide substantial information about the physiological aspects of animal
welfare assessment, including the activation status of the neuroendocrine and immune …

The use of antibiotics in the aquafeeds to mitigate infectious diseases or to boost growth
performance is commonly practiced. Recently, the prophylactic use of antibiotics and …

Hematological studies of fishes are useful in the diagnosis of many diseases as well as
investigation of the extent of damage to the blood. These parameters act as efficient and …

Stress is an event that most animals experience and that induces a number of responses
involving all three regulatory systems, neural, endocrine and immune. When the stressor is …

Under intensive culture conditions, fish are subject to increased stress owing to
environmental (water quality and hypoxia) and health conditions (parasites and infectious …

The complement system plays an essential role in alerting the host of the presence of
potential pathogens, as well as in their clearing. In addition, activation of the complement …

The present study investigated the effects of various stocking densities on the health status
(stress and immune responses) of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). Juvenile rainbow …

In the last years, studies on stress attenuation in fish have progressively grown. This is
mainly due to the interest of institutions, producers, aquarists and consumers in improving …

Vitamin E (VE) is composed of a group of fat‐soluble molecules, from which the most active
homologous is α‐tocopherol. VE is a structural component of cell membranes with a potent …