Thirty years ago, Coullet et al. proposed that a special optical field exists in laser cavities
bearing some analogy with the superfluid vortex. Since then, optical vortices have been …

Controlling the various degrees‐of‐freedom (DoFs) of structured light at both quantum and
classical levels is of paramount importance in optics. It is a conventional paradigm to treat …

Structured light recently highlighted the higher-dimensional control with many tailored
degrees of freedom (DoFs) such as amplitude, wavelength, polarization, and orbital angular …

Spatial mode (de) multiplexing of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams is a promising
solution to address future bandwidth issues, but the rapidly increasing divergence with the …

Vector vortex beams are conventionally created as the superposition of orbital angular
momentum (OAM) modes with orthogonal polarizations, limiting the available degrees of …

Vector beams, non-separable in spatial mode and polarisation, have emerged as enabling
tools in many diverse applications, from communication to imaging. This applicability has …

Structured light, as a general term for arbitrary states of amplitude, phase, and polarization in
optical fields, is highly topical because of a myriad of applications it has fostered. A …

Electromagnetic pulses are typically treated as space-time (or space-frequency) separable
solutions of Maxwell's equations, where spatial and temporal (spectral) dependence can be …

Structured lights, particularly those with tunable and controllable geometries, are highly
topical due to a myriad of their applications from imaging to communications. Ray-wave …

Normally, intensity patterns of vortex beams are closed rings such as Laguerre–Gaussian
beams and Bessel–Gaussian beams. Recent studies showed that the vortex beams with …