Natural extracts are complex mixtures that may be rich in useful bioactive compounds and
therefore are attractive sources for new leads in drug discovery. This review describes drug …

Astrocytes are complex bushy cells that serve important functions through close contacts
between their processes and synapses. However, the spatial interactions and dynamics of …

Chronic exposure to nicotine results in an upregulation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine
receptors (nAChRs) at the cellular plasma membrane. nAChR upregulation occurs via …

The ability of oligomeric membrane proteins to assemble in different functional ratios of
subunits is a common feature across many systems. Recombinant expression of hetero …

The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene (CHRNA7) is linked to schizophrenia. A partial
duplication of CHRNA7 (CHRFAM7A) is found in humans on 15q13–14. Exon 6 of …

Protein dimerization and oligomerization are essential to most cellular functions, yet
measurement of the size of these oligomers in live cells, especially when their size changes …

Chronic exposure to nicotine up-regulates high sensitivity nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
(nAChRs) in the brain. This up-regulation partially underlies addiction and may also …

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is an exquisitely sensitive method for detection of
molecular interactions and conformational changes in living cells. The recent advent of …

While combustible cigarette smoking has declined, the use of electronic nicotine delivery
systems (ENDS) has increased. ENDS are popular among adolescents, and chemical …

The smoking cessation drug cytisine exerts neuroprotection in substantia nigra pars
compacta (SNc) dopaminergic (DA) neurons of female but not male 6-hydroxydopamine (6 …