With 120 million hectares of forest area, Indonesia has the third largest area of biodiversity-
rich tropical forests in the world, and it is well-known as a mega-biodiversity country …

Highlights•Peatlands are a last frontier for migrant-based industrial agriculture
expansion.•Drainage of peatlands caused fire risk, haze and health costs, and policy …

Tropical peatlands lie at a nexus of competing sustainable development demands of
enhancing food security, mitigating climate change, improving resilience and supporting …

Indonesia, a global biodiversity hotspot, confronts escalating threats from land-use change,
triggering extensive forest fragmentation and threatening biodiversity. This review …

Food security is a major concern in many countries, including Indonesia. Land productivity
has decreased due to shrinking agricultural land, global warming, and land degradation …

Social forestry (SF) has long been implemented in production and protected forests in
Indonesia. SF is considered to be a win–win solution for occupied and cultivated forest …

Community-based conservation in Indonesia is seamlessly intertwined with rural livelihoods
and agriculture and food (agrifood) systems. In bridging conservation and livelihood, the …

Abstract Indonesia's 120.5-million-hectare forest area shrinks due to deforestation, mainly
community cultivation. Forest Land Redistribution (FLR) via programs like Social Forestry …

This article talks about protecting animals from the point of view of positive law and Islamic
law. It focuses on elephants and their conflicts with people. Cases of conflict between …

Land and forest fires in peatland areas in Indonesia have a widespread negative impact on
surrounding communities. Possible vulnerabilities relate to economic, social, ecological …