Chloroplasts are the defining plant organelles with responsibility for photosynthesis and
other vital functions. To deliver these functions, they possess a complex proteome …

Most chloroplast proteins are nucleus‐encoded, translated on cytoplasmic ribosomes as
precursor proteins, and imported into chloroplasts through TOC and TIC, the translocons of …

Chloroplasts rely on the translocon complexes in the outer and inner envelope membranes
(the TOC and TIC complexes, respectively) to import thousands of different nuclear-encoded …

The TOC and TIC complexes are essential translocons that facilitate the import of the
nuclear genome-encoded preproteins across the two envelope membranes of chloroplast …

Background The escalating impacts of global warming intensify the detrimental effects of
heat stress on crop growth and yield. Among the earliest and most vulnerable sites of …

Photosynthesis and the biosynthesis of many important metabolites occur in chloroplasts. In
these semi-autonomous organelles, the chloroplast genome encodes approximately 100 …

The localization of translation can direct the polypeptide product to the proper intracellular
compartment. Our results reveal translation by cytosolic ribosomes on a domain of the …

The photosynthetic capacity of chloroplasts is vital for autotrophic growth in algae and
plants. The origin of the chloroplast has been explained by the endosymbiotic theory that …

Heterologous synthesis of a biophysical CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) in plant
chloroplasts offers significant potential to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of C3 plants …

With climate change, droughts are expected to be more frequent and severe, severely
impacting plant biomass and quality. Here, we show that overexpressing the Arabidopsis …