Neotropical freshwater fishes (NFFs) constitute the most diverse continental vertebrate fauna
on Earth, with more than 6,200 named species compressed into an aquatic footprint< 0.5 …

The extraordinary species richness of freshwater fishes has attracted much research on
mechanisms and modes of speciation. We here review research on speciation in freshwater …

Classification of the tremendous diversity of ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) began with the
designation of taxonomic groups on the basis of morphological similarity. Starting in the late …

The state-dependent speciation and extinction (SSE) models have recently been criticized
due to their high rates of “false positive” results. Many researchers have advocated avoiding …

Many biodiversity studies focus on explaining high tropical species richness, but an equally
dramatic yet understudied pattern involves the divergent richness of land, sea and …

The marine‐freshwater boundary is a major biodiversity gradient and few groups have
colonised both systems successfully. Fishes have transitioned between habitats repeatedly …

ABSTRACT The Tethys Ocean existed between the continents of Gondwana and Laurasia
from the Triassic to the Pliocene. Analyses of multiple biogeographic and phylogenetic …

Many clades that span the marine–freshwater boundary are disproportionately more diverse
in the younger, shorter lived, and scarcer freshwater environments than they are in the …

Recent studies have provided evidence for pulses in the diversification of angiosperms,
ferns, gymnosperms and mosses as well as various groups of animals during the …

The main objectives of this study are estimate a species-dense, time-calibrated molecular
phylogeny of Hypoptopomatinae, Neoplecostominae, and Otothyrinae, which together …