In this paper, we review constitutive models for soft materials. We specifically focus on
physically based models accounting for hyperelasticity, visco-hyperelasticity, and damage …

Elastomers are highly valued soft materials finding many applications in the engineering
and biomedical fields for their ability to stretch reversibly to large deformations. Yet their …

Optical force probes that can release force‐dependent and visualized signals with minimal
changes in the polymer main chains under mechanical load are highly sought after but …

Cross-linked elastomers are reinforced elastomers with high stretchability and toughness.
However, most elastomeric materials lose their toughness due to the accumulation of …

Dynamic polymer networks utilize weak bonding interactions to dissipate the stored energy
and provide a source of self-healing for the material. Due to this, tracking the progression of …

The Mullins-type damage behaviors in double network hydrogels have attracted a broad
research interest in recent years. However, most of current works focus on characterizing …

Biological tissues grow or evolve through a series of complicated processes of matter and
energy internalization, which are highly challenging to mimic in synthetic materials. Herein …

Elastomers and hydrogels with dynamic network structures have received considerable
research interest due to their high strength and toughness, and self-healing ability. While the …

The recent attention given to functionalities that respond to mechanical force has led to a
deeper understanding of force transduction and mechanical wear in polymeric materials …

In order to predict damage and failure in elastomeric media, a new physically-based model
based upon a multiscale approach is proposed. The behavior of polymer chains is …