Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG motifs trigger cells
that express Toll-like receptor 9 (including human plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells) …

CpG Oligonucleotides (ODN) are immunomodulatory synthetic oligonucleotides specifically
designed to stimulate Toll-like receptor 9. TLR9 is expressed on human plasmacytoid …

Mucosal surfaces are the major entrance for infectious pathogens and therefore mucosal
immune responses serve as a first line of defence. Most current immunization procedures …

CpG Oligonucleotides (ODN) are immunomodulatory synthetic oligonucleotides designed to
specifically agonize Toll-like receptor 9. Here, we review recent progress in understanding …

Almost all infectious diseases are initiated at mucosal surfaces, yet intramuscular or
subcutaneous vaccination usually provides only minimal protection at sites of infection …

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs act as immune
adjuvants, accelerating and boosting antigen-specific immune responses. CpG motifs …

The goals of a genital herpes vaccine are to prevent painful genital lesions and reduce or
eliminate subclinical infection that risks transmission to partners and newborns. We …

To develop protective immune responses against mucosal pathogens, the delivery route
and adjuvants for vaccination are important. The host, however, strives to maintain mucosal …

HSV-1 causes 50% of first-time genital herpes infections in resource-rich countries and
affects 190 million people worldwide. A prophylactic herpes vaccine is needed to protect …

Vaccination is one of the most successful applications of immunology and for a long time
has depended on parenteral administration protocols. However, recent studies have pointed …