Since the height of sea detection radar antenna and ship targets is relatively low, it is
generally believed that its over-the-horizon detection is mainly caused by the evaporation …

The propagation of electromagnetic waves beyond the line of sight can be caused by
atmospheric ducts, which are significant concerns in the fields of radar and communication …

Atmospheric ducts are special super-refractive atmospheric structures that can cause over-
the-horizon propagation of electromagnetic waves. Different types of atmospheric ducts …

Tropospheric duct is an anomalous atmospheric phenomenon over the sea surface that
seriously affects the normal operation and performance evaluation of electromagnetic …

Atmospheric duct parameters inversion is an important aspect of microwave-band radar and
communication system performance evaluation. AIS (Automatic Identification System) is one …

The evaporation duct is a special atmospheric stratification that significantly influences the
propagation path of electromagnetic waves at sea, and hence, it is crucial for the stability of …

An evaporation duct is a type of atmospheric stratification that affects radio systems.
Atmospheric duct prediction is helpful for radar detection. In this article, we used the deep …

The evaporation duct height (EDH) can reflect the main characteristics of the near-surface
meteorological environment, which is essential for designing a communication system under …

Atmospheric duct is an anomalous atmospheric structure that affects electromagnetic wave
propagation. The important characteristics of the atmospheric ducts include duct probability …

Low-altitude atmospheric ducts are abnormal atmospheric phenomena in the troposphere,
impacting the operation of microwave or ultrashort wave radio systems. Therefore, the real …