In recent years, there has been rising interest in additively manufactured shape memory
polymers (SMPs) and their multi-functional composites. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an …

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the fastest-growing additive manufacturing
methods used in printing fibre-reinforced composites (FRC). The performances of the …

This study aims to review research the progress on factors that affect the 3D printing results
of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. The review is carried out by map** …

Polylactic acid (PLA) is known as one of the greatest promising bioabsorbable and
compostable polyesters with the capability of high molecular weight synthesis. Lactic acid …

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most popular additive manufacturing (AM)
processes that utilize thermoplastic polymers to produce three-dimensional (3D) geometry …

This paper presents an optimised material extrusion (MEX) 3D printing method with
feedstock produced from glass fibre reinforced polypropylene (GFRPP) composite waste …

Hailed since the fourth industrial revolution, three-dimensional (3D) printing or additive
manufacturing (AM) has been extensively implemented in various manufacturing sectors …

The development of fibre composites in recent years has been remarkably strong, owing to
their high performance and durability. Various advancements in fibre composites are …

Nature frequently serves as an inspiration for modern robotics innovations that emphasize
secure human–machine interaction. However, the advantages of increased automation and …

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the most widely used 3D printing techniques that
utilizes polymers to create models, prototypes or even end products. Since 2009, the …