Comprised of the sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system, and enteric
nervous system, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) provides the neural control of all parts …

Autonomic nervous system activation can induce significant and heterogeneous changes of
atrial electrophysiology and induce atrial tachyarrhythmias, including atrial tachycardia and …

Renal sympathetic (efferent) nerves play an important role in the regulation of renal function,
including glomerular filtration, sodium reabsorption, and renin release. The kidney is also …

Diabetes and hypertension frequently occur together. There is substantial overlap between
diabetes and hypertension in etiology and disease mechanisms. Obesity, inflammation …

This review examines how the sympathetic nervous system plays a major role in the
regulation of cardiovascular function over multiple time scales. This is achieved through …

Methods and apparatus are provided for non-continuous cir cumferential treatment of a body
lumen. Apparatus may be positioned within a body lumen of a patient and may deliver …

Methods and apparatus are provided for renal neuromodulation using a pulsed electric field
to effectuate electroporation or electrofusion. It is expected that renal neuromodulation (eg …

(57) ABSTRACT A method and apparatus for treatment of heart failure, hypertension and
renal failure by stimulating the renal nerve. The goal of therapy is to reduce sympathetic …

Aug. 16, 2007, noW Pat. No. 7,717,948, Which is a(Continued) continuation of application
No. 11/504,117,? led on continuatlon-m-part of apphcation No. 10/408,665,? led on Apr. 8 …

Methods and apparatus are provided for non-continuous circumferential treatment of a body
lumen. Apparatus may be positioned within a body lumen of a patient and may deliver …